The Church Fathers on this verse

Isaiah 66:24Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

And they shall go out, and see the carcasses of the men that have transgressed against me: their worm shall not die, and their fire shall not be quenched: and they shall be a loathsome sight to all flesh.

Douay-Rheims

וְיָצְא֣וּ וְרָא֔וּ בְּפִגְרֵי֙ הָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים הַפֹּשְׁעִ֖ים בִּ֑י כִּ֣י תוֹלַעְתָּ֞ם לֹ֣א תָמ֗וּת וְאִשָּׁם֙ לֹ֣א תִכְבֶּ֔ה וְהָי֥וּ דֵרָא֖וֹן לְכָל־בָּשָֽׂר׃ 1291 66 4 4

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

8 Church Fathers comment on this verse

Cyrill of Alexandria

5th centuryChurch Father

And the holy ones shall emerge and behold the lifeless bodies of those who have sinned against Me: for their worm shall not perish, and their fire shall never be extinguished; they shall be a disgrace to all humanity. This appears to reflect the tragedies that befell the Jewish people, suffering at the hands of the Romans, particularly during the desolation of the temple, when they endured severe mistreatment. Indeed, having endured such afflictions, they have become a reproach to all mankind, facing a seemingly eternal punishment within it. The phrase about their worm not dying and their fire not being quenched may symbolize this.

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However, some interpret these words as referring to the end of the age, when the remains of wrongdoers shall be cast into torment and everlasting flames; there, the worm of the condemned shall live on eternally, and the fire shall not be put out. May Christ rescue us from all these tribulations, through whom and with whom be glory to God the Father and the Holy Spirit, now and forever. Amen.

Ephraem the Syrian

4th centuryChurch Father

They will go out and observe the lifeless bodies of those who have sinned against me. Once Gog is vanquished, the loyal Gentiles who gather with the children of Israel during the feasts will visit the site of Gog's defeat to witness the just retribution that has come upon him; and the words will be fulfilled, ‘The righteous man shall rejoice when he sees vengeance; he shall wash his hands in the blood of the sinner. (Psalm 57:11) In this location, as well as in other instances, a small portion of the Syriac text attributed to Monk Ephrem is absent due to its questionable nature in Asseman's edition, and it could not be verified against the manuscripts.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

They will emerge and witness the remains of those who have turned from me. Their worm will not perish, and their fire will not be extinguished. The sight of these bodies will evoke loathing in all flesh. The Septuagint translates this in the same manner. All flesh that bows in worship before the Lord, whether in the heavenly Jerusalem or wherever pure hands are raised, will venture forth to behold the deceased who have strayed from God. This may pertain to the Jewish people, of whom it is said, "I have raised children and brought them up, but they have rebelled against Me" (Isaiah 1:2), or to all who, possessing knowledge of God in their hearts, have turned to vanity, choosing to honor created things over the Creator.

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They will not depart from their stations, but through their minds will they traverse. Indeed, the dead cannot dwell in the presence of the Lord. However, if all flesh worships the Lord, then the corpses of individuals who have repudiated Him will be cast into eternal flames, and the resurrection will encompass both realms of true flesh. The unending worm and the unquenchable fire are often interpreted as the awareness of wrongdoing that torments those subjected to punishment for their own failings, having relinquished the blessings of the elect, as illustrated by the words: "I was in anguish when my thorn was unseen" (Psalm 31:4). Additionally, in Proverbs: "As a moth consumes the garment, so does sorrow eat the heart of the fool" (Proverbs 25). Again, as expressed: just as the moth is in the clothing and the worm in the wood, sorrow harms the heart of a man (Proverbs 25:21). This interpretation does not contradict the eternal nature of torment for those who fall away and reject God, aligning with the words of the Lord in the Gospel: "Depart into the everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels" (Matthew 25:41). In another passage, He states: "Bind him hand and foot, take him away, and cast him into outer darkness; there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth" (Matthew 22:13). When we consider references to hands, feet, and the darkness of the abyss—serving as punishment for those who witness the light of God—and also to weeping and gnashing of teeth, it is puzzling that some envision the physical body as ethereal and destined to gradually dissipate into nothingness post-resurrection, seeing as the Lord, in His might, entered the apostles while the doors were locked (John 20). Even before His Resurrection, He moved upon the waters and granted this ability to the Apostle Peter, who, through faith, was able to tread upon the waves but ultimately sank in doubt, receiving the rebuke, "O you of little faith, why did you doubt?" (Matthew 14:31). The fire should similarly be understood as the worm, which continues to burn as long as there is fuel to sustain its fierce hunger. Therefore, anyone who harbors tares in their conscience, sown by an adversary while their guard was down, will also be consumed by the flames (Matthew 13). The righteous will witness the punishment of those who, instead of building upon the foundation provided by the Lord with gold, silver, and precious stones, have constructed their houses using hay, wood, and straw—the fuel for eternal flames. Those who assert that punishments will one day cease, and that afflictions, although prolonged, will eventually end, cite verses such as: "When the fullness of the Gentiles has come in, then all Israel will be saved" (Romans 11:25-26), and, "God has confined all to disobedience, that He might have mercy on all" (Galatians 3:22; Romans 11:32). Moreover, the prophet states: "I will bear the indignation of the Lord, because I have sinned against Him, until He pleads my cause and executes judgment for me; He will bring me forth to the light" (Micah 7:9). Furthermore: "I will give thanks to You, O Lord, for You were angry with me; Your anger turned away, that You might comfort me" (Isaiah 9:1). The Lord promises the sinner, "When My anger has passed, I will restore you." This closely resembles another statement: "Your goodness, O Lord, is many; you have stored it up for those who fear You" (Psalm 30:20). These references indicate a belief in eventual reliefs after afflictions, meant to inspire repentance in those who fear God. This understanding is ultimately reserved for God's wisdom alone, from which both grace and judgment flow. He alone knows who, how, and for how long should be condemned. We can only reflect human frailty and implore: "O Lord, do not rebuke me in Your anger, nor chasten me in Your wrath" (Psalm 37:1). We hold firm in our understanding that the torment of the devil and of all who are unrighteous, declaring in their hearts, "There is no God" (Psalm 13:1), will indeed be eternal; similarly, we believe that the judgment concerning sinners—albeit ungodly Christians, whose deeds will be assessed and purified by fire—will not be harsh but softened by the mercy of the Divine Judge.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

Neither the grinding of teeth, nor everlasting flames, nor worms possess a physical essence. Just as the overconsumption of poorly digested food leads to fever and the infestation of worms, so too does the accumulation of sins result in disorder. Unless a person purges these sins through disciplined self-control, he will be afflicted by both past and present transgressions, ultimately being consumed by his own inner turmoil and devoured by his own remorse. Isaiah warns, “Walk in the light of your fire, and in the flame which ye have kindled” (Isaiah 50:11); this fire arises from the anguish caused by wrongdoing.

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It is akin to a worm manifesting, as the unacknowledged sins of the soul wound the mind and emotions of the sinner, gnawing at the depths of the conscience, much like worms that emerge from within, seemingly generated by the body of the sinful individual. The Lord further illustrated this through Isaiah, stating, “And they shall see the corpses of men who have departed from Me, and their worm shall not die, neither shall the fire be quenched” (Isaiah 66:24). See also Matthew 25:41; Mark 9:44, 46.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

In His call for unwavering faith, God assures us: Just as I will transform the entire visible realm and bring forth a new creation, so too will I safeguard your lineage, remembering not only you but also those who come to believe through your witness. The prophet spoke of the celestial order and its diverse inhabitants, of whom the Lord declared, In my Father’s house are many mansions (Jn 14:2), distinguishing those deemed worthy. This refers to those who continually celebrate, rejoice, and engage in joyful circles. Through them, He illustrated the ongoing nature of judgment, for they endure an everlasting fire and a persistent worm. With this warning, He cautioned not only them but also all who transgress His divine commandments. To avoid their fate and escape the presence of wickedness, we shall then be counted among those who find joy and partake in celebration.

Justin Martyr

2nd centuryChurch Father

Call to the Lost Souls Thus, having severed any such hope in your hearts, you ought to seek understanding on how to receive forgiveness for your transgressions and the expectation of inheriting the blessings promised. There is no other path than to know our Savior, and to be cleansed through that baptism for the forgiveness of sins as proclaimed by Isaiah, so that you may thereafter live free from sin.

Gregory the Great

6th centuryChurch Father

Scripture presents a daunting image as it states, "And they shall go out and see the corpses of men who have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not pass away, neither shall their fire be quenched." What could be more dreadful than the prospect of bearing the wounds of condemnation, with no hope of relief from the torment of those very wounds? The fearsome vision of the wheels (Ezekiel 1:18) is echoed in the prophecies of Zephaniah, who foretells the hardened hearts on the imminent day of judgment: "The great day of the Lord is near, near and grievous: the voice of the day of the Lord is bitter and cruel.

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Strong is the day of wrath, the day of that day, the day of trouble and distress, the day of desolation and extinction, the day of darkness and gloom, the day of cloud and darkness, the day of trumpet and cry" (Soph. 1:14-16).

Vissarion (Nechaev)

19th centuryCommentator

The blessed condition of those in the Church who remain steadfast in their devotion to the Lord stands in stark contrast to the unfortunate destiny of those who have turned away from Him and rejected the fellowship of Christ's Church, particularly the Jewish people. Those loyal to the Lord will merely observe the desolation faced by those who have forsaken Him; the latter will be likened to unburied remains, consumed by decay and destruction, their foulness provoking revulsion in those who encounter them, serving as a shame to all humanity. A portion of the previously mentioned passage, specifically Isaiah 66:10-14, is read on August 30 during the feast of St. Prince Alexander Nevsk, relating the joy of Jerusalem to the new Russian capital upon the transfer of the saint’s relics and connecting the mention of stagnant bones to the remains of this God-fearing individual.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.