Augustine of Hippo
In the name of the Gospel, the Lord proclaimed from the essence of the Righteous. The Most High raised His voice so that we may accept it and, amid the trials of humanity, perceive the heavenly truths.
And the Lord thundered from heaven, and the Highest gave his voice: hail and coals of fire.
וַיַּרְעֵ֬ם בַּשָּׁמַ֨יִם ׀ יְֽהוָ֗ה וְ֭עֶלְיוֹן יִתֵּ֣ן קֹל֑וֹ בָּ֝רָ֗ד וְגַֽחֲלֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃
6 Church Fathers comment on this verse
In the name of the Gospel, the Lord proclaimed from the essence of the Righteous. The Most High raised His voice so that we may accept it and, amid the trials of humanity, perceive the heavenly truths.
In the recent conflicts with invading northern tribes, the Lord brought devastation upon them with hail and fire. Likewise, He restrained the Persians from the east, who aspired to seize our cities without bloodshed. The Almighty shackled them, impeded their advance, resulting in the demise of some, while others were sent to proclaim the details of their defeat.
The Almighty and Sovereign Lord, which refers to God Himself as the ultimate Authority over all creation, expressed His will at the moment when the Son of God called out to God the Father, saying, "Father, glorify Thy name" (John 12:28). The Evangelist recounts that a voice responded from heaven, proclaiming, "And I will glorify, and I will glorify again" (John 12:28). The crowd that was present and heard this sound interpreted it as thunder. Thus, the phrases "He gave his voice" reflect the event as it occurred, while "it thundered" illustrates how those present understood and misinterpreted the divine utterance, perceiving God’s true voice as mere thunder.
Additionally, one must recognize that the prophecies do not always maintain a logical sequence in their recounting, as evidenced here: it first mentions "shall thunder," and then "shall give his voice," whereas one might expect the order to be reversed. This incongruity between the narrative order and the actual event serves to demonstrate that the prophets conveyed their messages not according to their own preferences but as they were inspired by the Holy Spirit.
The Prophet expresses the same idea using different language, indicating that from the clouds congregated, there emerges a mighty sound, often referred to as thunder. This sound is accurately described by the Prophet as the voice of God, not only because it originates from Him but also due to its immense and awe-inspiring nature, which justly belongs to God alone. This is akin to what God communicated to Job: “Is there any strength for the Lord, or do you thunder at Him with a voice?” (Job 40:4).
When the voice spoke from heaven to Christ the Lord, those present who heard it remarked, ‘There was a sound of thunder’ (John 12:29). This occurred during the Baptism, on Mount Tabor, and at the raising of Lazarus, as the Gospel testifies.
You behold a heavy and ominous cloud that seems to envelop your senses, where the vitality of creation rests in a mysterious stillness; everything appears somber, and though you yearn for light, it remains hidden, as if you are drifting into slumber. In an instant, a flash of lightning illuminates the scene, and thunder reverberates through the atmosphere; it stirs the life in nature, refreshes the air, and brings forth abundance from the earth; it revives you as well. You perceive the brightness that beckons you from the earthly realm to the heavenly one.
Thus it is in the process of our redemption: faith, akin to an impenetrable cloud, obscures the divine mysteries from you, as if it casts a shadow over your mind, stifling its engagement; everything feels bleak and beyond your understanding, until suddenly, akin to a bolt of lightning, an extraordinary sensation ignites within your spirit; it awakens you, instills fear, and inspires joy. What once seemed incomprehensible begins to clarify; it is as if you behold the Lord before you, leading you to proclaim, ‘I see, yet I believe in Him!’ A light emanates toward you, gentle and heartening, inspiring within you the capacity for goodness. Embrace this feeling; through God's grace, it will become a recurring experience, guiding you towards a blessed vision of the Lord. This reflects the stance of the holy prophet when he states, ‘He caused darkness to descend on the clouds above, and the waters He created were troubled.’ The prophet portrays the depth of God’s essence in this way. Athanasius and Alexander elucidate the phrase, ‘The waters in the clouds are darkened,’ representing the obscurity surrounding the divine truths revealed by the prophets, often depicted as clouds. The light of His arrival illuminated these prophecies. Hail and fire represent the threats embedded in the prophecies, depicted as elements of judgment. Just as the apostles, inspired by the illumination of the message, spread before Him and sprinkled the earth, so too do the hail and coals reflect the diverse calamities that befell the unbelievers after the Lord's ascension, particularly the spiritual adversaries. For just as He delivered the Israelites from Egypt with hail and fire, He liberated the nations from the grip of demons with the same potent elements of judgment, used to subdue the Egyptians.
Passages read together with this verse.