The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 44 (43):4Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

For they got not the possession of the land by their own sword: neither did their own arm save them. But thy right hand and thy arm, and the light of thy countenance: because thou wast pleased with them.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

כִּ֤י לֹ֪א בְחַרְבָּ֡ם יָ֥רְשׁוּ אָ֗רֶץ וּזְרוֹעָם֮ לֹא־הוֹשִׁ֢יעָ֫ה לָּ֥מוֹ כִּֽי־יְמִֽינְךָ֣ וּ֭זְרוֹעֲךָ וְא֥וֹר פָּנֶ֗יךָ כִּ֣י רְצִיתָֽם׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

7 Church Fathers comment on this verse · 8 commentaries

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

They did not take possession of the land through their weaponry. As another interpreter states, they did not secure the land by the edge of their swords. Their strength did not deliver them; rather it was Your mighty hand, Your power, and the radiance of Your countenance, for You have bestowed Your grace upon them. Another rendition highlights this as divine illumination. Indeed, they triumphed in their battles, equipped as they were with arms; yet this victory was not due to their weapons, but to God who guided them. The prophet, under the guise of prayer, offers guidance, encouraging reliance on God for all things. He refers to it as an inheritance from their ancestors, although they did not actually hold this land at the time, because the promise was made to their forefathers.

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God said to Abraham, "Go into the land which I will show you; all the land I will give to you and to your descendants forever" (Gen. 12:1; Gen. 13:15). By mentioning ‘the mighty hand’ and ‘the power,’ the prophet uses vivid imagery to elevate his message, adding ‘and Your radiant face,’ indicating divine protection and guidance. All that was necessary was for Him to will to be with them. The reasoning follows: ‘for You have favored them,’ meaning You have loved them, because You desired it. Their victories were thus a result of divine grace, not of their own achievements; it was not their virtues that earned them success, but the mercy of God.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

Your right hand symbolizes Your Power, and that hand is Your Son Himself, alongside the radiance of Your countenance. What does this signify except that You were present during those miracles in a way that Your presence could be felt? When God's presence is revealed through a miracle, do we truly see His face with our own eyes? No, it is through the miracle that He manifests His presence to humanity. Indeed, what does every person exclaim when faced with such incredible occurrences? I have witnessed the presence of God. Your right hand, strength, and the light of Your countenance reveal that You showed favor to them; You interacted with them in a manner that displayed Your grace. Therefore, anyone who reflects on how they were treated may proclaim that God is indeed present with them, and it is God who inspires them.

Ambrose of Milan

4th centuryChurch Father

God blesses us with a holy gift, allowing us the opportunity to show Him our favor. This gift is uniquely precious to humanity, not something that may be seized without hesitation, as the Scriptures instruct us.

The prophet aptly declared: For they did not conquer the land through their swords, nor was it their strength that saved them, but Your hand, Your might, and Your glorious face, for You have shown them favor (Psalm 43:4). What is this land that cannot be seized by force or acquired through might? Is it not the Promised Land? The same prophet affirmed: I believe that I shall see the goodness of the Lord in the land of the living (Ps. 26:13). Possessing it is truly magnificent: in this place, the trials of this world hold no sway, and the eternal blessings of the Lord are gathered instead. This land is not claimed by might but by gentleness. This truth is reflected in the words of our Lord Jesus, who proclaimed: Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth (Matthew 5:5).

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Therefore, it is neither the oppressed, nor the haughty, nor the arrogant who will share in this inheritance, but those who seek peace and possess humility of heart. Such a person does not pride himself on personal achievements; he perceives all as expressions of the Lord's grace, refrains from boasting about his own strength, and trusts in the protection of God’s mighty hand. He proclaims: The right hand of the Lord has done valiantly; the right hand of the Lord lifts me up (Psalm 117:16). This individual recognizes that it is also Almighty God who has saved him with His sword and illuminated his path with His presence. For all such individuals, Christ serves as the advocate, the right hand, the protector, and the sword. This is why Simeon told Mary, ‘A sword will pierce through your own soul’ (Luke 2:35), for the sword symbolizes the word of God, sharper than any blade: it penetrates to the innermost parts of a soul, discerning thoughts and intentions, leaving no secret undisclosed. Christ also embodies the light of the Father's glory, thus He says, He who has seen Me has seen the Father (John 14:9), meaning he witnesses the radiance of His glory and the essence of His being (Heb. 1:3). Therefore, it is appropriate to relate everything in our lives to Christ. Our forebears—Moses, Aaron, and the patriarchs—entrusted their endeavors to Him when seeking victory over their foes. And when Joshua called for the sun to stand still over Gibeon, he did not rely on his own strength (Joshua 10:12); rather, he placed his full confidence in Christ, acknowledging Him as the Commander of the heavenly army, and honoring Him in humility. Joshua was chosen to purge the land of wayward nations and lead our ancestors into the Promised Land precisely because he did not trust in his own abilities; he understood that human efforts could not merit the immense reward of heavenly glory. The Lord intended to bestow this blessing upon those who believe in Him, driven more by His mercy than by our own merits. Similarly, Abraham immediately believed God and was granted righteousness as a gift, not as payment for his actions, for the generosity of the giver exceeds the wages of the laborer. This explains why the Lord replied to the man who complained about equal pay for all: If I am good, why is your eye envious? (Matthew 20:15). Our forefathers, the heirs of the patriarchs, did not consider their own worthiness as the reason for their acquisition of land in the Promised Land. It was not Moses who led them there, nor was it the law, but rather the grace of God that achieved this; the law judges a man's worth, while grace recognizes his faith. Thus, the apostle, following the faith of the forebears, rightly stated, But he who plants and he who waters are one, and each will receive his wages according to his labor (1 Cor. 3:7). Hence, the true glory belongs not primarily to Joshua, who guided them into the Promised Land, but to God, who nourished His people. We need not be troubled by the earlier assertion, Your hand destroyed the nations, but You planted them (Psalm 43:3), for it demonstrates that not every planter nourishes, but he who has the power to nurture also has the ability to plant, as the Lord is stated to have done. He planted them and caused His plantings to flourish. This holds true for those who have found favor with the Lord through faith in Christ. To Him alone does God the Father declare, ‘You are My beloved Son; with You I am well pleased’ (Mark 1:11). Thus, whoever participates in Christ receives the grace of this divine favor from Him. As declared in our psalm: Thou hast shown favor to them (Psalms 43:4), the proper distinction remains intact. For it is correct to affirm ‘the favor of God through the Son,’ for He is coequal with the Father, without bias, and this favor springs from the rights inherent in divine nature and the unity of essence. We appropriately acknowledge that the Father's favor is present in Him, as the Father is esteemed in the Son and likewise the Son in the Father. It is also stated concerning mankind that God delights in us, for He has graciously allowed us to obtain His favor. Scripture reveals that humanity did not lay claim to it presumptuously; rather, uniquely among all of God’s creations, we were granted this privilege by His grace. Certainly, God favors those made in His likeness and desires to grant them a unique share in His heavenly grace through His image. Thus, His favor resides within His image, and God favors those created in His likeness. In them lies His abundant gift, which will be revealed upon the arrival of perfection, because, as it is written, when we see Him as He is, we shall be like Him.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

You, O Lord, the prophet declares, alongside other nations, expelled the Canaanites from this land and established our ancestors in their place. They did not rely on their own might or employ their own weapons to prevail against numerous foes; rather, guided by Your grace, they defeated some and captured others, for You delighted in making them Your children. The prophet conveys this by saying, You have granted them grace. He refers to Your hand as assistance and the illumination of Your face as the arrival of the Lord.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

Our ancestors, as he notes, did not claim the promised land through their own might or weapons, nor were they rescued from powerful enemies by their own strength; rather, it was by Your mighty hand and arm, O Lord, signifying Your aid or power, or both, which encompasses strength. Additionally, it was the radiance of Your countenance that granted them deliverance, indicating Your visitation: as David expresses elsewhere, "Show Thy face, and we shall be saved" (Psalm 79:4). This visitation, according to Chrysostom, refers to His intercession and protection; for when one witnesses another in distress, one intercedes or defends. All these acts were performed for our forefathers because of Your goodness and love for them, for this is the essence of being favored.

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Chrysostom remarks that it suffices for them that God desired to be with them. This leads us to the conclusion: since You favored them with Your love and desire, their victories were based on grace rather than their actions; they did not achieve this through personal merit, but through God’s benevolence. Cyril explains that the face of the Father is the Son, reflecting His essence, inseparable from Him, the embodiment of His nature. The light imparted to those yearning for salvation is knowledge, which the Holy Spirit grants to those enlightened by Him, guiding them toward God; this was for the benefit of the Israelites, who were cast out for betraying the Savior, while we Gentiles were nurtured through divine illumination founded on the Holy Scriptures. Our strength and efforts did not redeem us; instead, we received salvation through grace. Origen states: "Then was fulfilled what was said, Thou shalt plant them on the mountain of Thy patrimony." And the wicked nations are vanquished before our establishment. You refer to the Savior as the right hand, the strength, and the light, as well as the Father’s face, which represents the likeness of His being; the illumination bestowed upon those called to salvation is the enlightenment through the Holy Spirit, leading the illuminated toward God.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

They assert that their ancestors would not have taken possession of the promised land through mere might or military prowess, nor would they have triumphed over enemies who were more formidable and experienced in combat, had not the Lord been their protector and shield. It was not by their swords, thus not by the force of their weapons, that they claimed victory in the promised land; rather, it was through Your right hand and Your strength that it was subdued, rescuing those who fought against foreign nations from death and captivity. This came about because You bestowed Your favor upon them; You regarded them with grace, not due to their own merits or virtues, but because it delighted You to select them as Your people.

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The illumination of the face here represents God's benevolent gaze, or the Lord's mercy, as noted in the preceding Psalm, Psalms 42:3. According to Scripture, when God shines His face upon someone, He does so with favor and mercy, which leads to the bestowal of His grace upon them. The truth of this can be seen in the book of Joshua, chapter 6, where the walls of Jericho collapsed at the sound of a single shout from the children of Israel, and in Joshua 10:11, where it is described that during the battle, God rained down a storm of hail from heaven, causing more loss among the enemies than the swords of the Israelites.

Psalter with Commentaries (Cave Monastery in Kiew)

19th centuryCommentator

Regarding the title, Korey is referred to as Golgotha, or the site of the Throne; the sons of Korey symbolize those who exhibit patience—those who crucify their desires and passions, identifying as the sons of Christ (Galatians 5:24). This illustrates that Christ endured suffering for everyone (1 Peter 2:21), as all are called to abandon their former ways and follow His example, so that those who share in His sufferings may also be glorified alongside Him (2 Timothy 2:2; Romans 8:30). Take heed, you who neglect the spiritual upbringing of your children, allowing them to engage with worldly songs devoid of divine substance.

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This is not the legacy of the ancestors, who devoted their lives to recounting the marvelous deeds of God, ensuring that parents filled their children's minds with these narratives, guiding them toward an understanding of God (Chrysostom). Christ, our God, annihilates the wicked while bolstering the faithful. You have caused anguish among people and have exiled the Jews due to their lack of belief. This pertains to the Mystery of the Holy Trinity: the Father represents the Hand, the Son embodies Muscles, and the Holy Spirit signifies Enlightenment. The Cross of Christ bears the power of His name, which terrifies evil spirits. Just as horned creatures bear horns as natural defenses, we have been granted the name of Jesus Christ for our prayers (Theodoret). The forces of evil are humiliated by Christ. Each day signifies the entirety of human existence on earth and the eternal nature of life in the heavenly homeland. God the Father has cast away the Jews for their rejection of Christ, leading to their dispersion across the globe. For their disbelief, they face disgrace, paralleling that of demons. The prophet vividly portrays the misfortunes of the Jewish people, internalizing their struggles as prophetic truths. Everything inflicted upon Christ has been returned to them; they derided Him and now face derision themselves; they scoffed at Him, and now others scoff at them (Athanasius). Let us turn away from the path of the Jews due to their unbelief in Christ. The words of holy martyrs, who suffer and perish for the sake of Christ, resonate with the lament of Adam. Sleep symbolizes God's patience. The righteous longed for the emergence of Christ and salvation through the cross, culminating in the Resurrection.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.