The Church Fathers on this verse

Psalm 144 (143):9Meaning & Commentary from the Church Fathers

To thee, O God, I will sing a new canticle: on the psaltery and an instrument of ten strings I will sing praises to thee.

Douay-Rheims · Hebrew numbering, Septuagint numbering in brackets.

אֱ‍ֽלֹהִ֗ים שִׁ֣יר חָ֭דָשׁ אָשִׁ֣ירָה לָּ֑ךְ בְּנֵ֥בֶל עָ֝שׂ֗וֹר אֲזַמְּרָה־לָּֽךְ׃

Hebrew (Masoretic text)

The Church Fathers on this verse

10 Church Fathers comment on this verse

John Chrysostom

4th centuryChurch Father

What is the connection between speech and action? It is notably significant. By proclaiming, “stretch forth Thy hand, cast me out, and Thou shalt scatter them,” the prophet commits to offering a response to God for His assistance. This response, while not contributing anything to the One it honors, serves a purpose for the giver. What is this response? “I will sing a new song unto Thee.” Although this offering may seem modest in light of the grandeur of the benefactor, it represents all that the individual can bring forth. Similarly, we expect nothing from those who are impoverished except gratitude.

Read more (160 words)

Our acts of generosity are often motivated by a desire for personal glorification; however, God, who does not require aid, works to exalt those who sing His praises, thus bestowing upon them a new gift. “On the psalter of ten strings I will sing unto Thee,” signifies my thanksgiving. In ancient times, there were instruments used to offer songs of adoration to God; today, we can use our own bodies in place of these instruments. We can express our praise not only through our voices, but also with our eyes, hands, feet, and ears. If each member of our body engages in actions that honor and glorify God—like avoiding impure sights, directing our hands toward acts of charity rather than theft, listening to sacred psalms and hymns, striving to attend church, and nurturing a heart filled with love rather than deceit—then our bodies become instruments of worship. They offer a new song not merely through words, but through our actions.

Augustine of Hippo

5th centuryChurch Father

The title of this psalm is concise yet profound in its enigmatic truths. It is directed toward David, referencing his confrontation with Goliath. This event is a cherished memory from the stories of our ancestors, a tale you, dear friends, likely recall from the Scriptures. David gathered five stones in his pouch, using only one. While five books were designated, it was unity that triumphed. After being bested, he seized the sword of his adversary to deliver a fatal blow to him. Similarly, our David struck down the adversary with his own weapon; those who had been under his influence, who he had previously led to believe, turned against the enemy, thereby severing Goliath's head with his own sword.

Blessed be the Lord my God, who trains my hands for battle and my fingers for warfare. Psalm 143:1. This sentiment resonates with us as members of the body of Christ. The phrases about our hands for battle and fingers for warfare may read as redundant, but is there a distinction between them? Certainly, both hands and fingers are instruments of action. It’s understandable we sometimes confuse the two. Yet, fingers suggest a nuanced division of tasks, while still maintaining unity in purpose. This is where grace comes into play. The apostle illustrates this when he refers to the variety of spiritual gifts, stating that while there are different functions, they are all activated by the same Spirit, who is the essence of unity. Thus, the fingers of the Body of Christ engage in combat for our cause. Through acts of mercy, we vanquish our foe; and without mercy, our acts would be impossible, as it is the Holy Spirit that bestows mercy upon us. He is the one who prepares our hands for warfare and our fingers for conflict. To Him we rightfully assert, “My mercy, from whom we derive the ability to be merciful; for judgment without mercy will be shown to those who have not exercised mercy.” James 2:13.

"My mercy and my fortress, my Sustainer and my Rescuer." Psalm 142:2. This warrior strives diligently, though his flesh rebels against his spirit. Persevere in what you have. You will find what you seek when death is conquered by victory; 1 Corinthians 15:54, when this mortal body is raised and transformed into a celestial form, elevated to a divine quality... In those moments, life exists, and days are serene, where there is no resistance to the spirit, where it is declared, ‘Rejoice, do not fight.’ But who yearns for those days? Naturally, everyone does. Now listen to what follows. I perceive your labors and the trials you are facing; heed this: ... Turn away from evil and do good: do not let the needy suffer under your burden, that the downtrodden may rejoice through your actions. What reward will you receive, as you engage in this struggle? Seek peace and pursue it. Learn to declare, “My mercy and my fortress, my Protector and my Rescuer, my Defender; guard me against falling; rescue me so I do not falter; protect me from harm.” Amidst all my endeavors, in trials, and in tribulations, I place my trust in Him who governs my people. Behold, our Head communes with us.

“Lord, what is man that You have made Yourself known to him?” Psalm 142:3. This inquiry encompasses everything involved in Your revelation to him. Or the son of man, whom You cherish? You attribute such worth to him, assigning him great value; You understand the responsibilities You have laid upon him and the authority You have conferred upon him. Valuation speaks to the worth of a thing. How immensely He esteems humanity when He sacrificed His only begotten Son! For God values mankind not as one human values another: a person may pay more for a horse than for a human when bargaining for a slave. Reflect on how greatly He has esteemed you that you could assert, “If God is for us, who can stand against us?” And how precious you must be when He did not withhold His Son from you! How will He not also graciously provide us all things? Romans 8:31-32. Who sustains the warrior? What rewards does He have in store for the victorious...?

"Man is but a breath; his days fade like a shadow." Psalm 142:4. What is vanity? It is time that slips away and flows by. This vanity is noted in contrast to Truth, which is constant and eternal; for it too is part of God’s creation, albeit in its own manner. As it is written, "The Lord has filled the earth with His goodness." Sirach 16:29. To Him, what does this mean? It represents communion with Him. Yet, all these worldly matters are transient; in comparison to the eternal Truth, which declares, “I am who I am,” Exodus 3:14, all these fleeting things are deemed vanity. For like a puff of air, they evaporate. Need I expound further than what the apostle James has stated, wishing to humble the proud, "What, he asks, is your life?" It is even a vapor that appears momentarily and then vanishes. James 4:14. Therefore, even if only at night, labor diligently with your hands through good deeds and cry out to God before the daylight brings joy, lest the day of sorrow arrives. For observe how securely you toil, for you are not forsaken by the One you seek, that your Father, who sees in secret, may reward you openly. Matthew 6:4.

"O Lord, bend down Your heavens and descend; touch the mountains, and they shall smoke." Psalm 143:5. Send forth Your lightning, and scatter them; let Your arrows fly, and they will be put to shame. Psalm 143:6. Extend Your hand from above and rescue me from the depths of many waters. Psalm 143:7. The Body of Christ, humble David, replete with grace, reliant on God, and grappling with this world, calls for Divine assistance. What does it mean for the heavens to bow? The apostles humbled themselves. For these heavens proclaim God’s glory; and of these heavens it is stated, "There is no speech or language, yet their voices are heard throughout the earth," etc. When these heavens echoed across all lands, they performed miracles, as the Lord shone forth and acted through them in wondrous ways, it was believed that deities had descended from heaven to interact with humanity. Some Gentiles, embracing this notion, even sought to offer sacrifices to them... Yet, they instead offered unto the Lord Jesus Christ, humbling themselves to exalt God, for the heavens were lowered so that God could come down... Touch the mountains, and they will rise in smoke. Unless they are touched, they overestimate their own greatness: they are about to proclaim, "You are great, O Lord; for You alone are the Most High over all the earth."

However, there are some who conspire, who come together against the Lord and His Christ. They conspire in unity. Strike your lightning to scatter them; multiply your signs, and their schemes will be thwarted. Let Your arrows fly, and they shall be shattered. Let the wayward be harmed, that in their suffering they may find healing, and may now affirm within the Church, within the Body of Christ, let them voice, "I am wounded by Love." Extend Your hand from on high. What then? How does the Body of Christ achieve victory? Through heavenly aid. For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven, with the voice of the archangel and the trumpet of God. 1 Thess 4:16, and He Himself is the Savior of the body, the Hand of God. What does "out of many waters" signify? It refers to numerous nations. Which nations? Those foreign to the faith, the unbelievers who attack us externally or set snares internally. Bring me forth from these many waters in which You have tested me and rolled over me to cleanse me from my transgressions. These are the waters of contradiction. Numbers 20:13... These adversarial forces. Brethren, listen to whom we belong, among whose number we reside, from whom we wish to be liberated. Whose lips speak deception. Psalm 142:8. If you had not gathered today for these sacred moments of divine revelation and had not been preoccupied with them, what emptiness you would encounter! Whose speech conveys folly: when will those who speak only vanity listen to you, who convey the truth? Their right hand represents iniquity. What business do you have with them, carrying your shepherd's pouch with the five stones? Consider this in another light: the same law denoted by the five stones possesses additional significance. "I will sing a new song unto You, O God." Psalm 143:9. A new song of grace; a song of the new creation; a song from the New Covenant. However, so that you do not think grace is separate from the law, I will sing to You on a ten-stringed lyre. Through the law of the Ten Commandments: in this I can sing to You; in this I can rejoice in You; in this I can declare a new song; for Love is the fulfillment of the law. Romans 13:10. But those devoid of love can carry a psalm but cannot truly sing. Contradiction cannot silence my psalmody.

"He who grants salvation to kings, who rescues David his servant." Psalm 143:10. You know who David is; be yourself as David. From where does He redeem His servant David? What does He save Christ from? What liberation does He provide for the Body of Christ? "Rescue me from the sword of malice." The sword alone is insufficient; he supplements it with “malice.” There is assuredly a sword of good intentions. What does "the sword of good intentions" entail? It is what the Lord declares: "I came not to bring peace to the earth, but a sword." Matthew 10:34. For He intended to divide believers from non-believers, separating sons from their parents, severing all other attachments, as the sword can excise that which is sick yet heal the members of Christ. The sword of good intention, double-edged, is powerful on both sides, encompassing the Old and New Testaments with narratives of the past and promises of the future. This, then, is the sword of good intention; the other wields malice, bringing forth words of vanity, while that sword is marked by good intention as God speaks the truth. For indeed, the sons of men wield their teeth like spears and arrows, their tongues resemble sharp swords. Deliver me from this sword. Psalm 142:11. And rescue me from the hands of those foreign children, whose tongues have uttered falsehood, just as before. Moreover, their right hand is the hand of iniquity, which he earlier illustrated when he referred to them as many waters. To prevent any misunderstanding that these waters might be beneficial, he elucidated their nature through the sword of wickedness.

Read the full text in the app

Athanasius the Great

4th centuryChurch Father

Lord, I will offer a fresh melody to You, clearly a song of the Gospel. This message is expressed through David himself. In the ten-stringed instrument of praise, I sing to You. The term 'ten-stringed psalms' refers to the body, which possesses five senses and five cognitive functions, as each sense uncovers a unique aspect of action.

Jerome of Stridon

4th centuryChurch Father

A renewed humanity brings forth a fresh melody. O Lord, I will lift my voice to sing a new hymn unto You. “Sing unto the Lord a new song” (Psalm 95:1). How beautifully expressed—not merely ‘I will sing,’ but ‘I will sing!’ There are promises yet to be fulfilled, recognizing that the current reality is one of struggle, not song. An army raises its voice only when it achieves victory. Thus, in this present conflict, I find no moment to sing. Once I have triumphed, then I will sing. “In the ten-stringed instrument, I will sing praises to You.” At that time, I will extend both hands and offer my song with many strings. My supplication is Your melody of praise.

Theodoret of Cyrus

5th centuryChurch Father

I will be known, and having received salvation through familiar means, I will offer a song of gratitude.

Euthymios Zigabenos

11th centuryCommentator

O God, I will offer a fresh hymn to You. The psalmist proclaims that he will sing a new song of thanksgiving and praise to You, O Lord. Just as a king seeks nothing but gratitude and kind words from the beggar he favors, so too does God expect nothing but appreciation and worship from one who is naturally humble and insignificant in light of His abundant blessings. A king may seek appreciation to enhance his own renown, but God seeks gratitude to elevate the status of the individual and bestow upon him further blessings. According to Athanasius and Eusebius, this new song represents the new or evangelical covenant; through the declaration of the new, He has rendered the old obsolete, declaring it to have aged. I sing to You using the ten-stringed lyre.

Read more (132 words)

In ancient times, the lesser psalms were performed with the aid of a ten-string instrument; however, in the era of the new covenant of grace, humanity has created a ten-stringed lyre from within, composed of five physical senses and five capacities of the soul. Thus, when the eye observes with faith, accuracy, and impartiality, and the ear is attuned to spiritual truths, each physical sense and each soulful ability engages in its acts with clarity, purity, and devotion. In this manner, as Chrysostom articulates, a person sings, expresses gratitude, and offers praise to God, akin to strumming on ten strings. Another perspective holds that Christ has crafted an expansive psalter for His Church that encompasses all of creation; it is a ten-stringed instrument—perfect—through which He composes a new song to His Father.

Hesychius of Jerusalem

5th centuryChurch Father

Refer to Psalm 91:4

Comments: It is probable that St. Isychius provided an exposition of the entire Book of Psalms; however, currently, we do not possess an interpretation of Psalm 6.

Philaret of Moscow (Drosdow)

19th centuryChurch Father

O God, I will offer a fresh hymn unto You; with the ten-stringed instrument I will sing to You, who grants salvation to rulers. (Psalm 143:9-10). Have you ever reflected on the tradition within the ancient Hebrew Church, as in our era, of singing prayers for the well-being and deliverance of the monarch? This practice is documented in the Sacred Scriptures. It was not merely executed through simple petitions but was also carried out by prophets. The prophet David vows to create a song for the Lord, ‘who gives salvation to kings,’ and he shall certainly honor his vow: for a song to God is, in essence, a prayer.

Read more (1426 words)

‘O God, I will sing a new song unto Thee; in the psalter of ten strings I will sing unto Thee, who giveth salvation unto kings.’ It is noteworthy that David does not refer to ‘the king,’ implying not just himself, but kings universally, signifying God’s favor upon royal authority. Even more striking is the hymn of the prophetess Anna, who, in expressing gratitude to God for the gift of her son Samuel, was inspired to prophetic ecstasy. ‘Anna prayed, and spoke,’ eloquently recounting the wondrous acts of God's Providence in both prayer and prophecy: “He shall give strength to our kings, and shall lift up the horn of His Christ” (1 Sam. 2:1-10). Later, during the era of Annas' son, God appointed kings over the Jewish nation. While the Hebrews initially had no kings, the prophetess had already proclaimed and foretold God’s safeguarding of their kings. The God-inspired community valued the dignity of kings for the benefit of God’s chosen people! Therefore, the true Church, both ancient and contemporary, steadfastly adheres to this truth, which serves humanity well.

What is implied when the Psalmist speaks of a ‘new’ song regarding the salvation of kings, especially when it ought not to be the first? We ought to consider that the new circumstances surrounding the monarchy, the deliverance from fresh perils, the triumph over novel challenges, and the renewed protection and assistance that God has revealed to the king, inspired new contemplations in the Psalmist’s mind, invoked fresh emotions in his spirit, produced new melodies in his ten-stringed instrument, and fostered a new hymn in the habitual prayers for the king. As we gratefully reflect on the day when ‘God raised up one chosen of His people’ and gifted us our most virtuous Sovereign, we do not offer Him merely a new prayer, but an everlasting one, and as we ponder new events, our hearts swell with renewed gratitude for the King who grants salvation. For three decades, wielding the scepter of a vast empire with conviction, He has traversed many royal ventures, achieved numerous great deeds, and faced many trials, all while being sustained by God. However, the past year has ushered in a new kind of test for royal spirit and wisdom. In neighboring realms of varying alliances with Russia, amidst the tumultuous actions of various peoples, and during moments of governmental inertia, an eruption of rebellion and chaos emerged, shaking the very foundations of order in several nations and threatening the peace and security of all European peoples. Specifically, a tempest of hostility arose against Russia, viewed as a strong and fervent defender of lawful authority, order, and peace. Here, we can echo Deborah’s words: ‘great trials of the heart’ (Judg. 5:16)! Maintaining composure was challenging, and it seemed imprudent to slacken one's zeal. It proved unsafe to remain idle, risking emboldening the adversaries of peace; yet, acting rashly could provide just cause for those aiming to instigate war. ‘Great trials of the heart.’ Yet the heart of the Tsar, anchored in the Lord, remained undisturbed by tribulations. The most pious Emperor truthfully addressed His subjects regarding the unsettling movements beyond Russia’s borders that could potentially impact them, reaffirming His unwavering intent both to maintain peace and to counteract the threats to it. By moving military forces to address potential dangers without abandoning their peaceful stance, He positioned Himself to deter hostilities, thus morally fortifying steadfast allies and friends of order and tranquility, while simultaneously confronting the insurrection and irreverence from a distance. Some neighboring rulers, opposing lawlessness with uncompromising resolve, undeniably drew strength from the solid foundation of legitimate authority represented by Russia. So, is it not remarkable that the Sovereign of Russia, through the wave of His scepter, can exert as much influence as through force, all while preserving peace, quelling hostility with His commanding presence, and silencing the uproar with dignified silence? And thus, for many nations fraught with distress and fear, this year has been a year of peace and calm. O God, we sing a new song to You, who grants salvation to the King!

I turn once again to the Hebrew Psalmist, intrigued to understand the circumstances that inspired him to compose a new song about the salvation of kings. The path to elucidating this question lies within the psalm itself. The Psalmist implores God, ‘Deliver me from many waters, out of the hand of the sons of strangers: their mouth speaketh vanity, and their right hand is the right hand of unrighteousness’ (Psalm 143:7-8). Consequently, he exclaims: ‘O God, I will sing a new song unto Thee, who giveth salvation unto kings.’ To grasp the abrupt shift from a sorrowful plea to a solemn declaration, one must recognize that he perceives a significant threat from those ‘whose mouth speaks vanity’ and whose ‘right hand is the right hand of unrighteousness,’ thereby viewing deliverance from such individuals as a profound blessing from God, worthy of momentous gratitude. Undoubtedly, the proliferation of individuals whose actions are unjust is hazardous, not only to individuals but also to the community. Yet, are those ‘whose mouths speak vanity’ equally perilous? Are there many who never utter vanity? Delving deeper into this concept requires more than a cursory view of vanity. Solomon devoted an entire book to elucidate its nature; however, it suffices to consider both the beginning and the conclusion of his work. At the outset, he declares, ‘All vanity’ (Ecclesiastes 1:2); and at the conclusion, he asserts, ‘Fear God, and keep His commandments; for this is the whole duty of man’ (Ecclesiastes 12:13). In synthesizing these concepts, we learn from Solomon’s teaching that true elevation above vanity stems from reverence for God and adherence to His commandments, whereas outside of this reverence, all else in man is vanity. Thus, the ‘mouth that speaks vanity,’ which the Psalmist fears as a torrent, epitomizes a pervasive mindset devoid of the acknowledgment of God and His commandments. ‘Deliver me,’ he implores, “from many waters, out of the hand of the sons of strangers, their mouths speaking vanity” (Psalm 143:7-8). A divinely inspired individual cannot be accused of fearing circumstances frivolously or of cowardice. However, if he is acutely aware of the dangers of vanity, ought we not to scrutinize how we engage with it? In our time, do not numerous ‘mouths that speak vanity’ proliferate, forgetting God and His commandments? Are they not freely and appealingly vocal in conversations, performances, and literature? The issue of vanity begins when attention to the Divine and an appreciation for the spiritual wanes, while an affinity for sensual indulgences intensifies. People, enchanted by superficial attractions, drift away from the truly good, becoming preoccupied with the chaos of emotions at the expense of heeding reason and moral truth. Yet, the divine, spiritual, true, and good are eternal, resonating with the immortal soul of humanity and providing lasting satisfaction; conversely, the sensual is ephemeral and ultimately unsatisfying for the immortal soul. Pleasurable experiences devoid of true goodness are fleeting, leading to an incessant thirst for novelty; when reason and morality weaken, passions may run rampant. The venture into vanity, once it gains momentum, seldom rests at mere trivialities, but can, depending on circumstances, escalate more rapidly or slowly. Where does this lead? This is sadly evident in our era among the ‘sons of strangers.’ Their many ‘mouths that speak vanity,’ initially indulging in seemingly harmless flattery, gradually descend into immodesty, seduction, corruption, and, ultimately, destruction; thus breaching in the Psalmist’s language, “many waters,” representing a deluge of malevolence that erodes the foundations of both public and private order and welfare. We must question our vigilance. Could it be that some vanities make their way into our lives unnoticed? Perhaps some might claim that they only embrace innocent vanity. I will refrain from disputing this, though one might question whether any vanity can truly be considered innocent in the eyes of truth and virtue. My sole observation is that when we permit even what is termed innocent vanity to enter, we must exercise heightened caution to guard against engaging in vanity that is harmful and insidious. We extol God and our noble Sovereign, whom He safeguards, for shielding us from ‘many waters’ and from ‘the sons of strangers, their mouths speaking vanity, and their right hand the right hand of unrighteousness!’ May we strive to remain worthy of such profound protection! The remedy to this is straightforward and reliable: ‘Fear God, and keep His commandments; for this is the whole duty of man’—the essence of human dignity, goodness, and blessedness. Amen.

Irenaeus (Klementjewsky)

18th centuryCommentator

In this moment, he turns towards gratitude, confident that God will sustain His blessings throughout his lifetime. For the support he received in triumphing over Goliath, he vows to offer a new and remarkable song—a solemn, unique expression of worship that he sets apart from frequent daily offerings. Regarding the psalm and the ten-stringed instrument, it has been noted that such music was integral to the ceremonial law of the Jewish people. However, it is essential to focus on the essence of this new song: that God, who grants deliverance to rulers, in His compassion not only shielded His chosen one, David, but also rescued him from deadly threats. While God watches over and saves humanity as a whole, He pays particular attention to kings, who are pivotal for the common good.

Read more (207 words)

Thus, David refers to God solely as savior and protector of realms. The nature of authority is often unwelcome, and many would reject the burden of servitude entirely; had it not been for the unseen protection of God, they would have upended the rightful rule of kings.

David sets himself apart from other monarchs, as God declared of him: "I will make him the firstborn, higher than the kings of the earth" (Psalm 88:28). Consequently, he embraces the special title of God's servant. Although all kings serve the Lord and Cyrus is notably referred to as a servant of God (Isaiah 45:1), only David among them received divine anointing and was uniquely entrusted with royal authority. It is thus appropriate for him to adopt this distinct title. When he speaks of the sword of the fierce, he likely signifies the multitude of trials and dangers he faced throughout those years; it is justly remarked that his ascension to the throne was marked by numerous deaths. He repeatedly seeks what he has implored before, falling before God in prayer for deliverance from wicked individuals: "deliver me, and take me away from the sons of strangers, whose mouth speaketh vanity, and their right hand the right hand of unrighteousness."

Ireneus (Orda)

19th centuryCommentator

This psalm is attributed to David, as noted in its superscription, and bears a strong resemblance to other psalms written by him, particularly Psalm 17. The phrase "to Goliath," found only in the Greek translations and the Vulgate, appears to have been added later. Even though this psalm draws from Psalm 17, it does not solely reflect David's triumph over Goliath. By the time of its composition, David had already achieved victory, and his people were under his authority, with the Lord having accomplished great deeds for him. However, he faced significant threats from surrounding nations, prompting his plea for divine assistance. The creation of this psalm can be linked to the events recounted in 2 Samuel 5 and 8.

Read more (229 words)

Initially, David expresses gratitude to the Lord for granting him victory, aiding him through various dangers, and establishing him under His sovereignty. The use of present tense in expressions like teaching and obeying indicates a continuation of past actions. My people represent the Jewish tribes. The teaching and obedience stem from the divine grace that enabled David to become a hero and victor. Clearly, the psalmist, as a frail individual, feels unworthy of divine consideration. Yet, because God, in His infinite love, condescends to humanity and has rendered assistance to the psalmist in the past, he seeks God's help in the current threats posed by deceitful neighbors. The mention of the hand of unrighteousness refers to false oaths and general treachery. Having experienced divine help, the psalmist vows to praise the Lord in a new song, acknowledging Him as the Savior of kings and the Protector of David. He once again cries out for salvation, emphasizing the urgency for God’s intervention against adversaries, especially since they appear to enjoy transient success. This is illustrated in the verses that depict the temporary prosperity of his foes, as highlighted in the LXX and Vulgate versions. These lines serve as a reminder that the visible success of the wicked can mislead the Israelites into believing they are truly blessed, whereas it is ultimately the faithful people of God who experience true happiness.

Cross references

Passages read together with this verse.