Augustine of Hippo
I believed that Psalm 108:1 did not need clarification, as I have already interpreted it in Psalms 57:1 and 60:1, which constitute its final sections. The concluding section of Psalm 57 refers to the verse, "Thy glory is above all the earth." From that point to the end of Psalm 60, the last part is connected. Furthermore, the ending of Psalm 135 is synonymous with that of Psalm 115, reflecting the verse that states, "The images of the Gentiles are but gold and silver," and similarly, Psalms 14 and 53 have almost identical content from beginning to end, with only minor variations. Thus, any slight discrepancies observed in this Psalm 108 compared to its two constituent parts can be readily grasped.
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For instance, in Psalm 57:8, it states, "I will sing and praise; awake, my glory," while here it says, "I will sing and praise my glory." The other verse commands awakening for the purpose of singing and praising. Similarly, the phrase "thy mercy is great" can be rendered as "exalted" in some translations, "unto heaven" in one instance, while in this psalm, it is "great above the heavens." The essence conveyed is that although God's mercy reaches the heavens, it is even greater above them. In Psalm 60, it states, "I will rejoice, I will divide Shechem," while here it states, "I will exalt and divide Shechem." This division of Shechem symbolizes what was prophesied to occur following the Lord's exaltation, indicating that this rejoicing is truly linked to that elevation, as the psalmist reflects, "Thou hast turned my heaviness into joy; Thou hast removed my sackcloth and clothed me with gladness." Moreover, in Psalm 60, "Ephraim, the strength of my head" transforms into "Ephraim, the lifting up of my head" here. Strength emerges from acceptance, implying that He empowers us through receiving Him, producing fruit within us, as "Ephraim" signifies "fruitful." Acceptance occurs when we embrace Christ, or when He, as the Head of the Church, raises us up. The verses that puzzle us in the earlier psalm are equivalent to those describing our adversaries in this one.
This psalm instructs us that titles seemingly linked to historical events should more accurately be interpreted prophetically, in line with the psalm's intent. Nevertheless, this psalm comprises the concluding segments of two psalms, each possessing distinct titles. It indicates that both converge on a unified purpose, not merely on the surface of historical events, but deeply rooted in prophecy, with both themes unified under the overarching title of the Song of David, deviating from previous titles with the exception of the term David. As stated in various ways, much like in the Epistle to the Hebrews, God spoke in the past to the patriarchs through prophets (Hebrews 1:1); however, He also spoke concerning the one He would send subsequently, so that the prophecies might be fulfilled. Indeed, "For all the promises of God are in him, yea" (2 Corinthians 1:20).